Handhygiëne & persoonlijke hygiëne medewerker - Geïncludeerde studies module 2.4

Publicatiedatum 09-02-2024 | 10:00

Author, publication year: Reynolds, 2020

PT = paper towel; CT = cloth towel; JD = jet air dryer; WD = warm air dryer; EV = evaporation; CL = clothing

Included studies in the review Study characteristics Patient characteristics Intervention (I) Comparison / control (C) Follow-up Outcome measures and effect size Comments
A. Matthews, 1987
B. Blackmore, 1989
C. Ngeow, 1989
D. Ansari, 1991
E. Hanna, 1996
F. Patrick, 1997
G. Gustafson, 2000
H. Taylor, 2000
I. Montville, 2002
J. Harrison, 2003
K. Yamamoto, 2005
L. Snelling, 2011
M. Gendron, 2012
N. Margas, 2013
O. Best, 2014
P. Best, 2015
Q. Jensen, 2015
R. Kimmitt, 2016
S. Wilcox, 2017
T. Best, 2018
U. Huesca-Espitia, 2018
V. Pitt, 2018
W. Mutters, 2019

Type of study:
Quantitative research

Search date:
23 October 2018

Number of included studies:
N=23

Country
A. UK
B. UK
C. Malaysia
D. Canada
E. Australia
F. New Zealand
G. USA
H. UK
I. USA
J. UK
K. Japan
L. UK
M. Canada
N. UK
O. UK
P. UK
Q. USA
R. UK
S. UK
T. UK, France, Italy
U. USA
V. UK
W. Germany

Source of funding:
Excel dryer, inc.

Inclusion criteria:
- Involved quantitative assessments
- Utilized sampling for environmental microbes or traces
- Evaluated one or more hand-drying methods

Exclusion criteria:
- Case studies, SR’s, opinion articles

 N total:
A. 50
B. No access
C. 1
D. 1
E. No access
F. 42
G. 100
H. 15
I. Unclear
J. 10
K. 30
L. 14
M. 1
N. 200
O. 120
P. Unclear
Q. 40
R. 2
S. 26
T. 120
U. 36
V. 30
W. 80		 A. PT
B. PT; CT
C. PT
D. PT; CT
E. PT; CT
F. CT
G. PT; CT
H. PT
I. PT
J. PT
K. PT
L. PT
M. PT
N. PT
O. PT
P. PT; CT
Q. PT
R. PT
S. PT
T. PT
U. WD
V. PT
W. PT		 A. WD
B. WD
C. WD
D. WD
E. WD
F. WD
G. WD; EV
H. WD
I. WD
J. None
K. WD
L. WD; JD; EV
M. EV
N. JD
O. WD; JD
P. WD; JD
Q. EV
R. WD; JD
S. JD
T. JD; CL
U. None
V. WD; JD
W. JD		 N.A.

Drying efficiency:
Cloth towels had a higher drying efficiency than warm air dryers. Paper towels and jet air dryers have a similar efficiency, which is higher than the warm air dryer.

Electric dryers favored:
Seven studies favored electric dryers over paper towels, but underlying reasons were mixed. Some had observations of less bacterial counts in the environment or on external device surfaces, or less concentration of liquid droplets on surfaces near towel or dryer devices.

Paper towels favored:
Thirteen studies favored paper towels over electric dryers, with seven showing statistically significant differences.

Paper towels and electric dryers equal:
Eight papers favored both methods equally, as they, for example, found no statistical differences in microbial aerosols.

Review does not give all details on included studies; these are therefore extracted from original studies.