VTGM buiten de apotheek en toediening medicatie Module 2a Risk-of-bias-tabel

Author, year

Selection of participants

Was selection of exposed and non-exposed cohorts drawn from the same population?

Exposure

Can we be confident in the assessment of exposure?

Outcome of interest

Can we be confident that the outcome of interest was not present at start of study?

Confounding-assessment

Can we be confident in the assessment of confounding factors? 

Confounding-analysis

Did the study match exposed and unexposed for all variables that are associated with the outcome of interest or did the statistical analysis adjust for these confounding variables?

Assessment of outcome

Can we be confident in the assessment of outcome?

Follow up

Was the follow up of cohorts adequate? In particular, was outcome data complete or imputed?

Co‑interventions
 

Were co‑interventions similar between groups?

Overall Risk of bias

Definitely yes,
probably yes,
probably no,
definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes,
probably yes,
probably no,
definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes,
probably yes,
probably no,
definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes,
probably yes,
probably no,
definitely no

Definitely yes,
probably yes,
probably no,
definitely no

Low, Some concerns, high

Cortopassi, 1977

Not applicable

Definitely yes

Reason:

IV-bags were swabbed.

Definitely yes

Reason: control is available

Not applicable

Not applicable

Definitely yes

Reason:

Standard techniques were used for all groups

Not applicable

Not applicable

LOW