VTGM buiten de apotheek en toediening medicatie Module 3 Evidence-tabel

Study reference

Study characteristics

Patient characteristics ²

Intervention (I)

Comparison / control (C) ³

Follow-up

Outcome measures and effect size ⁴

Comments

Siddiqui, 2014

Type of study: RCT

Setting and country: Canada

Funding and conflicts of interest: no conflicts of interest, funded by an Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care Innovation Fund.

Inclusion criteria:

Parturients with:

- ASA score I or II
- in active labour
- requesting epidural analgesia

Exclusion criteria:

Parturients if they

- were febrile
- received antibiotics within the previous 48 hours
- had a preexisting skin infection or a history of immune deficiency state

N total at baseline:

Intervention: 120
Control: 120

Important prognostic factors²:

BMI Body Mass Index. De BMI is een index die de verhouding tussen lengte en gewicht bij een persoon weergeeft. De BMI wordt veel gebruikt om een indicatie te krijgen of er sprake is van overgewicht of ondergewicht. (Body Mass Index. De BMI is een index die de verhouding tussen lengte en gewicht bij een persoon weergeeft. De BMI wordt veel gebruikt om een indicatie te krijgen of er sprake is van overgewicht of ondergewicht.)
Sex:
I: % M
C: % M

Groups comparable at baseline?

Describe intervention:

Anaesthesiologist wearing a gown

Describe control:

Anaesthesiologist not wearing a gown

Length of follow-up:

1 week,
1 month,
3 months

Loss-to-follow-up:

Intervention:

N (%): 15 (12.5%)

Reasons (describe): epidural catheter specimen not collected due to more than 3 epidural attempts (n=9), given antibiotics (n=1), epidural catheter contaminated during collection (n=1), accidental catheter pull out (n=2)

Control:

N (%): 11 (9.2%)

Reasons (describe): epidural catheter specimen not collected due to more than 3 epidural attempts (n=9), given antibiotics (n=2)

Incomplete outcome data:

Not applicable

Outcome measures and effect size (include 95%CI and p-value if available):

No gown (n=109)
Gown (n=105)

N (%)
N (%)
p

Right forearm
23 (21.1)
2 (1.9)
<0.001

Left forearm 22 (20.2)
(1.0)
<0.001

Working area 23 (21.1)
14 (13.3)
0.151

Tip op catheter 10 (9.2)
8 (7.6)
0.807

Skin adjacent to catheter
16 (14.7)
14 (13.3)
0.845

Siddiqui, 2017

Type of study: RCT

Setting and country: Canada

Funding and conflicts of interest: none

Inclusion criteria:

Exclusion criteria:

N total at baseline:

Intervention:

Control:

Important prognostic factors²:

Not applicable

Describe intervention:

Group A: 5 mL aliquots of alcohol gel (Endure 300 Cida-Rinse Gel by Ecolab) applied to hands and forearms up to the elbows;

Group B: antimicrobial soap containing 0.3% Triclosan (Bacti-stat AE Healthcare by Ecolab) for 3 min hand washing up to the elbows, a sterile towel to dry, followed by alcohol gel application;

Group C: antimicrobial soap containing 0.3% Triclosan for 3 min hand washing up to the elbows, a non-sterile towel to dry, followed by alcohol gel application;

Describe control:

Group D: antimicrobial soap containing 0.3% Triclosan for 3 min hand washing up to the elbows and a non-sterile towel to dry; or

Group E: antimicrobial soap containing 0.3% Triclosan for 3 min hand washing up to the elbows, a sterile towel to dry. After handwashing procedure (and after drying) cultures were obtained from the hands

Length of follow-up:

Not applicable

Loss-to-follow-up:

Not applicable

Incomplete outcome data:

Not applicable

Outcome measures and effect size (include 95%CI and p-value if available):

growth (rate per 100 specimens)

group A
4 (2%, 2.5),

group B
6 (3%, 23.0),

group C
20 (10%, 28.5),

group D
44 (22%, 114.5)

group E
30 (15%, 53.0)

Onofrei, 2017

Type of study: RCT

Setting and country: Poole Maternity unit, UK

Funding and conflicts of interest: none

Inclusion criteria:

- women in labour

Exclusion criteria:

- lack of consent

N total at baseline:

Intervention: 54

Control: 55

Important prognostic factors²:

unknown

Describe intervention:

Tray technique consisted of the assistant emptying two 10 mL plastic ampoules of saline onto a sterile tray placed on a sterile drape on the epidural trolley. The investigator then drew up saline from the tray with a sterile 20 mL syringe

Describe control:

Needle technique consisted of drawing up 20 mL of saline with a sterile 21-gauge hypodermic needle from the plastic ampoules opened by the assistant

Length of follow-up:

Not applicable

Loss-to-follow-up:

Not applicable

Incomplete outcome data:

Not applicable

Outcome measures and effect size (include 95%CI and p-value if available):

Needle:
11%
(6/54)
Tray: 24% (13/55)